West Ham's late capture of Hull City forward Jarrod Bowen for an initial £18m was the only big-money move of the lowest-spending Premier League January transfer deadline day since 2010.

Premier League clubs spent £230m in the month, the second highest total ever.

But only £25m of that was spent on deadline day.

Odion Ighalo's move from Shanghai Shenhua to Manchester United dominated headlines, but was a loan deal - like five of the 11 top-flight signings.

The £1.6bn spent this season, including the summer window, is the second highest behind 2017-18's £1.9bn, according to figures from Deloitte.

The deadline closed for English clubs at 23:00 GMT on Friday, with Scotland's one hour later.

The previous time Premier League deadline day spending went under £30m was in 2010, when only £10m was spent. The highest spend was £180m in 2018.

The second biggest transfer on deadline day in terms of fee was Brighton signing 19-year-old Chelsea defender Tariq Lamptey for a reported £4.5m. Arsenal signed Southampton right-back Cedric Soares on loan.

Aston Villa brought in Swansea City striker Borja Baston on a free transfer.

Leicester brought in Wolves defender Ryan Bennett on loan, their only January transfer.

Sheffield United signed Dutch forward Richairo Zivkovic and Greece defender Panagiotis Retsos on loan.

Norwich signed Coventry defender Sam McCallum for a reported £3m, while Wolves spent £1m on Rochdale defender Luke Matheson - with both players rejoining their old clubs on loan.

Manchester United recruited Southend United goalkeeper Nathan Bishop for an undisclosed fee, with the 20-year-old going into their development squad.

Chelsea were one of three Premier League clubs to not sign anybody in January, despite winning an appeal to reduce their transfer ban. Reigning champions Manchester City and relegation battlers Bournemouth were the others.

Tim Bridge, director in the sports business group at Deloitte, said: "Two seasons ago Premier League clubs spent a record £430m in the January transfer window.

However, over the last two January windows spending patterns have returned to normal.

Clubs are focused on long-term financial stability and are therefore less willing to spend in excess of pre-defined transfer budgets in pursuit of short-term success.

"This is further evidenced by the prominence of more agile transfer strategies, such as utilising loan transfers often with an option to buy, as well as focusing attention towards the promotion of young talent from club academies in recent years."

It was also deadline day in the Football League, with Championship club Brentford paying a combined fee of at least £3m for Oxford United duo Shandon Baptiste and Tariqe Fosu.

Hull City paid £1.5m for 19-year-old Motherwell forward James Scott.

Scottish title chasers Rangers signed Genk midfielder Ianis Hagi and Hibernian striker Florian Kamberi - both on loan.

The transfer deadline also took place in Europe's top leagues. Barcelona bought Braga forward Francisco Trincao for £26m and Palmeiras midfielder Matheus Fernandes Siqueira for £5.9m - although neither player joins them until the summer.

All of Europe's top five leagues spent more this January than last year. Serie A clubs spent £180m, Bundesliga sides paid £165m, La Liga teams purchased players for £110m and Ligue 1 sides spent £100m.

Two of the three biggest Premier League signings happened on the penultimate day of the window.

Manchester United signed Sporting Lisbon midfielder Bruno Fernandes for a fee which starts at £47m and could rise to £67.7m. Sheffield United broke their club record to sign Genk midfielder Sander Berge for £22m.

Spurs have made the loan signing of Real Betis midfielder Giovani Lo Celso permanent for a fee of £27.2m and added forward Steven Bergwijn for £27m from PSV Eindhoven, after selling Christian Eriksen to Inter Milan for £16.9m.

Wolves spent a reported £16.9m on Portuguese winger Daniel Podence from Olympiakos. Along with Bowen, those were the only six £10m+ Premier League signings in January.

Elsewhere, Real Madrid spent £26m on Flamengo youngster Reinier Jesus and Borussia Dortmund bought Red Bull Salzburg wonderkid Erling Braut Haaland for £17m.