BBC Hausa of Thursday, 6 May 2021

Source: BBC

Abin da ya sa ake samun raguwar haihuwa a Amurka

An samu raguwar haihuwa a Amurka inji wani rahoto An samu raguwar haihuwa a Amurka inji wani rahoto

Alkaluman kididdigar haihuwa a Amurka sun ragu a shekara ta shida a jere a shekarar 2020, da adadi mafi karanci na haihuwar jariran da aka haifa tun a shekarar 1979, kamar yadda wani sabon rahoto ya bayyana.

An haifi jarirai miliyan uku da dubu dari shida a Amurka a shekarar 2020 - da ya nuna raguwar kashi 4 bisa dari daga shekarar da ta gabata, kamar yadda binciken Cibiyoyin Dakile Cututtuka Masu Yaduwa (CDC) da na Kididdigar Kiwon Lafiya ta Kasa suka nuna.

An kuma shaida raguwar ne daga bayanan da aka tattara daga kowane bangare na kabilu da asali, kamar yadda binciken ya nuna.

Masana sun ce an samu raguwar ce a sakamakon annobar cutar korona da ake ci gaba da fama da ita a kasashen duniya.

Mene ne a cikin rahoton?

A rahoton cibiyar ta CDC, kwararru a fannin kididdigar yawan al'umma sun yi nazari kan daukacin adadin haihuwa a kasar, wanda aka kwatanta da adadin hayayyafar da mata masu shekaru daga 15 zuwa 44 suka yi.

A shekarar 2020, alkaluman haihuwa a Amurka 56 ne a kan mata 1,000 - adadi mafi kankanta da ake da shi a rubuce kuma rabin abin da yake a farkon shekarar 1960.

Ana kallon samun raguwar haihuwar a fadin duka jinsina da kabilu ne. Haihuwar ta ragu da kashi 4 bisa dari a tsakanin fararen fata, da bakaken fata, da matan yankin Latin Amurka, sai kashi 6 bisa dari a matan yankin Asia, sannan kashi 3 bisa dari a matan Hawaii da sauran mata mazauna yankin tsibirin Pacific, da kashi 7 bisa dari a tsakanin mata 'yan asalin Amurka da Alaska.

Rahoton ya kuma yi sharhi a kan adadin haihuwa a Amurka a jimlace, wanda ya kididdige ko jarirai nawa ne mata 1,000 za su haifa a cikin tsawon rayuwarsu idan aka yi la'akari da ainihin alkaluman kididdigar haihuwar.

Kamar yadda cibiyar CDC ta bayyana, wannan adadi ya kasance ne ta yadda ba zai yi wahala a cike gurbinsa ba tun a shekarar 1971 kuma ya ci gaba da kasancewa a hakan tun shekarar 2007.

Mene ne musabbabin wannan raguwa?

Kwararru sun ce raguwar haihuwa a kasar na da alaka da matsakaitan shekaru na iyaya mata na Amurka. Mata na fara haihuwa ne bayan sun kai wasu shekaru na rayuwarsu - al'amarin da ake dangantawa da karuwar masu kokarin yin ilimi mai zurfi, da karuwar ma'aikata, da kuma jinkirin aure, kamar yadda cibiyar bincike ta Pew ta bayyana.

Matsakaitan shekarun iyaye mata a farkon haihuwa 27 ne, daga 23 a shekarar 2010, kamar yadda sabbin bayanan hukumar CDC suka gano.

Wannan sauyi na kasancewa uwa ya samo asali ne daga raguwar daukar ciki a tsakanin 'yan mata. Adadin haihuwar a tsakanin 'yan mata masu shekaru daga 15 zuwa 19 na matukar raguwa a cikin duka bangaroriin shekarun: kasa daga kashi 8 bisa dari a shekarar 2020 zuwa kusan adadin haihuwa 15 a kan mata 1000.

Cibiyar Kididdigar Kiwon Lafiya ta ce ya yi wuri a bayyana cewa annobar korona ta yi mummunan tasiri kan adadin haihuwar saboda bayanan da aka tattara na wannan shekarar na abubuwan da suka faru a baya-baya ne. Amma sabon binciken ya nuna cewa mai yiwuwa cutar koronar ta kara sa hakan ya ta'azzara.

A cikin Yunin shekarar 2020, binciken Cibiyar Guttmacher ya nuna daya daga cikin matan Amurka uku sun ce saboda cutar korona akwai yiwuwar su tsawaita haihuwa ko kuma dakatar da haihuwar baki daya.

Masu binciken daga Cibiyar bincike ta Brookings - da ta yi hasashen "samun haihuwar jarirai masu yawa" saboda cutar korona - sun bayyana cewa damuwa da kuma rashin sanin tabbas game da tattalin arziki wanda annobar ta haifar ya kara haddasa raguwar haihuwar.

Bayanan da hukumar ta CDC ta tattara sun nuna raguwar haihuwar sosai a cikin karshen shekarar a farkon barkewar annobar lokacin da ya kamata a ce an haifi jariran da aka samu cikinsu.

Ya batun yake a kasashen duniya?

Batutuwan raguwar haihuwar a Amurka sun fadada a fadin duniya.

Yayin da kasashe masu karfin tattalin arziki kamar su Jamus da Japan suka shaida raguwar adadin haihuwar zuwa dan wani lokaci, hakan ne yake faruwa yanzu a tsakanin kasashe masu matsakaicin karfin tattalin arziki da suka hada da Thailand da Brazil.

A fadin duniya, an sa ran adadin haihuwar zai yi kasa zuwa yadda ba zai yiwu a cike gurbinsa ba - kowacce mace ta haifi 'ya'ya biyu ya zuwa 2070, kamar yadda wani rahoton Majalisar Dinkin Duniya na shekarar 2019 ya nuna.

A karshen wannan karni ne, rahoton ya gano cewa yawan al'umma zai ragu a karon farko cikin tarihi. Kuma wani gagarumin bincike da aka wallafa a jaridar Lancet a shekarar da ta gabata ya nuna wannan adadin zai faru nan da shekarar 2064.

A tsakanin shekarar 2020 zuwa 2100, ana sa ran kasashen 90 za su rasa yawan al'ummarsu, da suka hada da biyu bisa hudun duka kasashen da kuma yankunan a kasashen Turai.

Kamar yadda adadin Majalisar Dinkin Duniya ya nuna, nahiyar Afirka ita ce kadai yakin a duniya da aka yi hasashen za ta samu karin yawan al'umma a cikin tsawon karni na 21 - akasari a yankin Kudu da Hamadar sahara.