Darajar kuɗin Najeriya ta yi wata mummunar faɗuwa da ba ta taba yin irinta ba, tun bayan ƙaddamar da naira a watan Janairun 1973.

A lokacin da naira ta maye gurbin tsohon kuɗin fam, da kasar ta yi amfani da shi. Hukumomi sun sanya darajar kuɗin, a kan naira ɗaya daidai da shilling ko sule goma.

Sai dai, shekara hamsin bayan samar da kuɗin, darajar naira na fuskantar jarrabawa da ba ta taba fuskanta ba a gomman shekarunta. Har ta kai a wani lokaci cikin wannan mako, an canji dalar Amurka ɗaya a kan takardar naira mafi girman daraja, wato naira dubu guda.

Ko da yake, farashin hukuma har yanzu ana sayar da dala daya a kan naira 785 ya zuwa yammacin ranar Talata.

Wasu masanan tattalin arziki na ganin karyewar darajar naira, wata barazana ce ga Najeriya.

Faɗuwar darajar naira a kasuwar canji, kamar yadda masu cinikin kuɗin suka bayyana, ta faru ne saboda buƙatun kuɗaɗen ƙasashen waje musamman dalar Amurka, wadda ta yi ƙaranci a cibiyoyin da ke hada-hadar kuɗin a farashin hukuma da kuma masu shaci-fadin farashi.

An sayar da dala ɗaya a kan sama da naira 1,000, kafin ta sauko zuwa naira 995 da safiyar Talata a kasuwar canji ta Abuja, in ji wani mai hada-hadar kudi. A makon da ya gabata, dala daya an sayar da ita a farashin naira 980.

Kamfanin dillancin labarai na Reuters ya ambato wani ɗan canji yana cewa mako uku kenan Babban Bankin kasar bai samar da dala a cibiyar hada-hadar kuɗin hukuma ba, abin da ya ta'azzara karyewar darajar naira.

Lamarin na faruwa ne daidai lokacin da sabon Babban Bankin Kasar Olayemi Cardoso ya kama aiki, bayan majalisa ta tabbatar da naɗa shi, kan wannan muhimmin mukami.

Wani mai canji a kasuwar canji dake bakin Wapa Kano, Alhaji Auwalu Soja, ya shaida wa BBC cewa, a Kano, ma an samu tashin farashin dala da ba a taɓa ganin irinsa ba a tarihi.

"Muna iya bakin ƙoƙarinmu saboda ba gwamnati ce ke ba mu dalar ba, mu ne muke iya bakin ƙoƙarinmu wajen samo kudin don biya wa kwastomominmu buƙata."

"A ranar Talata 26 ga watan Satumba, muna sayen dala a kan naira 980, mu sayar da ita naira 995, amma gaskiya a nan Kano, farashin dala bai taɓa kai wa 1,000 ba.

Amma mun sa mu labari a wasu sassan (kasar) cewa ta kai hakan," in ji shi.

Ina matsalar take?

Gwamnati kullum na cewa tana ƙoƙari wajen ganin ta shawo kan matsalar, inda a baya babban bankin kasar ke samar da dala ga ƴan kasuwa a farashin hukuma.

Sai dai bayan hawan mulkin shugaba Bola Ahmed Tinubu, sai gwamnati ta fitar da wani tsarin da ta kira "kasuwa ta yi halinta".

Masana tattalin arziki a kasar na ganin ƙarfin arziƙin Najeriya, bai kai a saki kasuwar musayar kuɗi ba kaidi ba, saboda hakan na iya haddasa hauhauwar farashin dala, lamarin da ke faruwa yanzu haka kenan.

Dr Murtala Abdullahi Ƙwara, malami a sashen nazarin tattalin arziƙi a Jami'ar Umaru Musa Ƴar'adua Katsina, ya ce " Lamarin akwai tashin hankali saboda idan dala ta kai naira dubu ɗaya, ko ba ta da taƙamaiman farashi, to zai shafi tattalin arziƙin Najeriya gaba ɗaya, saboda yadda ƙasar ta dogara da dala."

A cewarsa, "Za a iya kwatanta tashin farashin dala a Najeriya da kamar mutum mai zazzaɓi, da ya fara da ciwon kai, kenan akwai yiwuwar komai zai iya ƙara taɓarɓarewa gaba kaɗan.

"Matukar kuma ba a yi hoɓɓasa ba, tattalin arzikin zai iya shiga mummunan yanayin da zai yi wahalar fita."

Masanin ya ce tashin dalar na iya jefa tattalin arziƙin ƙasar cikin halin kaka-ni-ka-yi.

Ya ce babbar matsala ce idan ya kasance abin da ƙasa ke samu, bai kai abin da take kashewa ba.

Dr Murtala ya ƙara da cewa " Gwamnatin Najeriya tun 2002, abin da ake samu bai kai kudin da take kashewa ba, hakan na haifar da janyewar masu zuba jari daga ƙasashen waje."

"Bashin da Najeriya ta ci ya kai mata iya wuya, kuma zai iya tsorata masu zuba jari wajen shiga ƙasar domin yin huldar kasuwanci," in ji Dr Murtala Ƙwara.

Sai dai a ɓangaren ƴan canjin suna ganin rashin samar da dalar daga hannun hukumomi kuma a kan farashinta ne ya ƙara haddasa halin da ake ciki.

"Gwamnati ba ta ba mu dala, mu ne muke samo ta kamar masu sayar da wake ko tattasai da tumatir ne da yake shiga kasuwa ya sayo haja sannan ya zo ya sayar, to haka muke shiga lungu da saƙo muna nemo wa." cewar Auwalu Soja.

Ko hakan na da wani alfanu?

Masana na ganin tashin farashin dalar na da nasa amfanin kamar yadda yake da illoli.

"Wani lokaci tashin farashin kuɗaɗen waje na da alfanu amman idan tattalin arziƙin ƙasa yana da ƙarfi.

Saboda yana taimaka wa wajen janyo hankalin masu zuba jari daga ƙasashen waje.

Haka zalika, matakin na karfafa gwiwar mazauna ƙasashen waje su shiga kasar domin yin kasuwanci, cewar Dr Murtala Kwara.

Hakan kuma, in ji masanin, zai taimaka wajen shigar kuɗaɗen waje cikin ƙasar kuma zai taimaka wajen sauke farashin dalar.

Ina mafita ?

Masanan tattalin arziƙi a Najeriyar na ganin gwamnatin ƙasar ba ta ɗauki hanyar shawo kan matsalar ba saboda, "kullum bashi sama yake yi, kuma gwmanati bata buɗe hanyoyin da z ata ƙara samun kuɗaɗen ƙasar waje ba."

"Abin da Najeriya take sawowa daga ƙasashen waje bai kai abin da take fitar wa ba, hakan matsala ce babba wadda idan gwamnati ta tafi a haka yadda take tafiyar hawainiya, to lallai farashin dala yanzu a fara tash," cewar Dr Murtala Ƙwara.

Dr Murtala Abdullahi Ƙwara, ya ce " idan gwamnati za ta yi abin da ya dace lallai komai zai daidaita kuma za asamu sauƙin rayuwa, farashin dalar zai sauka matuƙa."

"Hanya mafi sauki da za a samu mafita shine gwamnatin Najeriya ta ƙarfafa tattalin arziƙin cikin gida, ta rage dogaro da mai, a ƙarfafa hanyoyin kasuwanci yadda zai kasance abubuwan da ake shigowa da su daga ƙasashen waje ya zama ana yin su cikin gida, ma'ana a inganta masana'antun cikin gida," inji Dr Ƙwara

Masanan na hasashen cewa gwamnati za ta iya cimma nasarar shwao kan matsalar ne idan ta yi tsarin da ya dace.

" Kamar misali sai gwamnati ta ce, rubu'in farko na shekara z ata rage abubuwan da ake shigowa d asu daga ƙasashen ƙetare da kamar kashi 30 cikin ɗari, daga nan duk lokaci zuwa lokaci sai ta sanya abin da takeson cimm."

Har wa yau, masanin tattalin arziƙin na ganin rashin gyara matatun mai na cikin gida na kan gaba wajen ƙara ta'azzara koma baya ga tattalin arziƙin Najeriyar.

Sai dai a ɓangaren ƴan canjin suna ganin mafita guda ce a sake buɗe masu kamfanonin a ci gaba da basu dalla a farashin gwamnati.

"Mutane na ganin dalla na tashi amman ba laifinmu bane, laifin gwamnati ne saboda ya kamata a dawo mana da kamfanoninmu, mu ci gaba da hada-hadarmu shine kawai zai sauko da farashin dalar nan.