With its typical dry and dusty air, the Harmattan season has returned. The air quality during this time declines dramatically every year, going from moderate to dangerous levels.

According to air quality specialists, Ghana's air quality has once again fallen into the red zone during this season, which runs from mid-December to late February. Medical professionals warn of an increase in respiratory-related illnesses, especially for people who are exposed to bad air quality.

Air pollution levels are concerning, according to recent data from the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). The Air Quality Index (AQI) of Adabraka and the University of Ghana is over 200, indicating a "very unhealthy" state. Everyone is at serious risk from this, but vulnerable populations including children, the elderly, and people with underlying medical disorders are particularly at risk.

Breathe Accra's sensors record alarmingly elevated levels of fine particulate matter (PM2.5) in Accra. The air at markets like Makola and Agbogbloshie is dangerous.

To put things in perspective, the World Health Organization (WHO) suggests a 24-hour maximum of 15 micrograms per cubic meter of PM2.5. Nonetheless, in many regions of Ghana, levels are up to fifteen times higher, and even the lowest measurements are more than four times the acceptable limit.

The fine particles in this pollution are tiny enough to enter the bloodstream and maybe make their way to the brain. Pollutants from companies and automobiles further worsen the situation and increase the health hazards.

The EPA has responded by issuing a public advisory advising people to minimize their outside activities and wear protective masks. During this dangerous time, it is recommended that vulnerable groups take additional care.